Google’s Constellation agreements total 3.59 GW, including 890 MW of nuclear upgrades

Google has agreed to buy a combined 3.59 GW of power from Constellation through two commitments with different terms and structures. One covers 890 MW of nuclear electricity under a 20-year purchase agreement and is tied to upgrades at 11 reactors. The other covers 2.7 GW across the PJM grid under a 15-year commitment, without linking the purchase to a particular generating plant.¹² The 3.59 GW total is the sum of those two portions, rather than a single purchase from one station or one type of generation. The nuclear portion is smaller than the 2.7 GW grid-wide portion, but it is the part explicitly associated with new reactor capacity and equipment spending.¹ Google’s agreement therefore combines a defined nuclear upgrade program with a broader commitment intended to sustain supply from Constellation’s operating portfolio.¹ The two components should not be read as having identical delivery arrangements: one concerns nuclear output from named reactor units, while the other is not assigned to a particular facility.¹

For the nuclear component, Google’s backing is $4.3 billion in equipment and technology investment across 11 reactors in Illinois, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Constellation’s planned upgrades are described as increasing nuclear capacity by 890 MW, with the added supply expected to enter commercial operation between 2028 and 2032. Those dates place the start of delivery years after the agreement was announced, rather than at the point of signing.¹² The 20-year duration applies to the purchase of the nuclear energy, not to the separate grid-wide contract, whose stated term is 15 years. The distinction matters because the 890 MW figure describes planned additional nuclear capacity, while 2.7 GW describes a regional power purchase spread across the PJM system.¹² Constellation’s 11 affected reactor units are located in three states, while the broader purchase is framed around the PJM grid rather than those individual sites.¹ A supported account presents the full arrangement as these two separate portions, and the stated 3.59 GW total follows from adding them together.¹²

The 2.7 GW commitment is designed to keep Constellation’s operating portfolio supplying energy into PJM, rather than to finance or purchase output from a specified plant. That portfolio includes nuclear facilities as well as natural-gas generating stations, so the grid-wide contract is not described as exclusively nuclear.¹ This is different from the 890 MW agreement, which is explicitly connected to nuclear upgrades at 11 reactors and backed by the stated investment.¹ The difference in how the power is counted is central to understanding the total: one portion is a named nuclear capacity increase, and the other is a system-level purchase from a mixed generation portfolio.¹ The grid-wide portion is also longer than a short-term purchase but has a five-year shorter stated term than the nuclear agreement.¹

Constellation estimated that the nuclear program would retain 4,400 existing roles and generate 7,200 construction jobs. These are separate employment counts: the first concerns work already in place, while the second concerns jobs during the building phase.¹ The figures do not describe the number of workers who will be employed permanently after construction, nor do they quantify jobs across the grid-wide purchase.¹ Google’s global head of energy said financing the reactor uprates would strengthen the PJM grid, which serves 67 million people, and support local union employment and affordable energy.¹ That statement connects the reactor investment to both grid service and local work, while the reported employment estimates remain specific to the nuclear agreement.¹ The cited population figure describes the people served by PJM, not a count of Google customers or of people employed by the project.¹

The agreement is set against a forecast that peak electrical load across PJM could rise by as much as 30 GW by 2030, with expanding AI data centers identified as a major driver.¹ That projected increase is a change in peak load, whereas 3.59 GW is the total capacity covered by Google’s two commitments and 890 MW is the planned nuclear addition.¹² The quantities therefore describe different things and should not be treated as equivalent: one is a forecast of additional peak demand, and the others are contracted or planned power amounts.¹² The timing also differs, since the demand forecast concerns the period through 2030 while the nuclear upgrades are expected to begin commercial operation across 2028 to 2032.¹ The facts describe AI data-center growth as a driver of the PJM load forecast, but do not assign the whole forecast increase to Google.¹

Google’s energy chief presented the investment as a way to support grid strength, local union jobs, and energy affordability, while Constellation’s chief executive argued that maintaining and expanding nuclear generation is needed as demand grows.¹ Constellation’s executive also tied that position to keeping rates affordable for consumers and businesses.¹ These are statements of the companies’ rationale, rather than reported measurements of future prices or proof that the agreements will produce a particular rate outcome.¹ The reported workforce estimates, capacity amounts, and planned operating window offer separate measures of the project, but the facts do not quantify a future change in electricity prices.¹²

The Constellation deal extends a series of nuclear supply arrangements previously reported for Google, including an offtake agreement at Finland’s Loviisa station and a contract with NextEra Energy concerning the restart of Iowa’s 615 MW Duane Arnold plant.¹ The Loviisa purchase is part of a wider Finnish investment program in which Google is deploying $15 billion through 2028 for data centers and related energy initiatives.¹³ In Finland, the Finnish Licensing and Supervision Agency ordered Google subsidiary Tuike Finland Oy to stop data-center work in Muhos and Kajaani until environmental impact studies are complete.³ Regulators also required the company to end development activity at those locations no later than October 23.³ The Finnish site orders and the Constellation power agreement concern different projects and locations, though both appear within the broader account of Google’s data-center and energy activity.¹³

Constellation is pursuing other nuclear supply arrangements as well: it plans to restart New York’s Three Mile Island facility for Microsoft and has signed a 20-year agreement with Amazon involving 190 MW of additional nuclear capacity in Maryland.¹ Those arrangements differ in customer, place, and stated capacity from Google’s 890 MW upgrade program and its 2.7 GW regional purchase.¹ The available figures permit a comparison of the stated capacities and contract lengths, but do not provide a common measure of the energy delivered by each deal over its full term.¹ A separate ITmedia item reports a PayPay campaign offering returns worth several thousand yen in areas including Tokyo and Osaka from November; it is not presented as part of Google’s power agreements.⁴

Alongside the power purchases, Google and Constellation Cloud established a five-year alliance with Gemini Enterprise to develop an energy-focused artificial-intelligence plan for improving dispatch and asset delivery.² The companies also set up a strategic framework to assess opportunities in clean generation, storage, and demand response across the United States as Google expands its business.² These initiatives broaden the relationship beyond the electricity contracts, but the facts do not give a capacity figure or investment amount for the work on artificial intelligence, storage, or demand response.² Taken together, the reported commitments pair a defined nuclear upgrade schedule with a larger grid-wide purchase and additional planning on energy technologies.¹²